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Málaga–Almería road massacre
The Málaga–Almería road massacre was a detrimental attack on the republican-dominated city of Málaga, Spain and its citizens on 8 February 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. The city was penetrated by pro-Franco and Spanish Nationalist troops as well as fascist and nationalist-minded Italian and German reinforcements. An estimated 5,000–15,000 civilians attempted to evacuate the besieged city via the N-340 coastal highway connecting Málaga to the city of Almería.
== Background ==
On April 12, 1931, Spain celebrated its first democratic elections since the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. The elections resulted in the formation of the Spanish Second Republic. Consequently, a great divide was created among two of the more prevalent political ideologies of the time. Francisco Franco (1892–1975) led ''nationalist'' efforts out of northern cities such as Zaragoza, Pamplona, Burgos, and La Coruña, northern/central rural areas, and the southern city of Sevilla. The ''republican'' zone accounted for southern/central regions and cities, such as Murcia, Valencia, and Madrid, as well Barcelona and Cataluña (''Catalonia'') to the east and Bilbao and Oviedo along the northern coast. The goal of the Nationalists was to reinstate a politically, socially, and religiously conservative society unified by Catholicism and a self-sufficient economy. On the other hand, the Republican movement was characterized by more reformative and socialist principles. This movement was led by Manuel Azaña until 1931, followed by the Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups (''Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas'' ()) from 1933–1936. Consequently, Spain was confronted with three main complications: capitalism versus communism; fascism versus communism; authoritarian systems versus democratic systems.〔(Link text ), additional text.〕
''El golpe de estado'' was a ''coup d’etat'' led by Franco on July 18, 1936. As a result of this governmental disturbance, the Spanish Civil War began that same year.
Aside from the capital city of Sevilla, the southern autonomous community of Andalucía (Andalusia) was primarily partial to the republican efforts during the war. Málaga, a "republican" city on the southern coast of Andalucia, was soon targeted by pro-Franco forces. On January 17, 1937, nationalist forces led by General Queipo de Llano (1875–1951) were sent to seize Granada, Marbella, Ronda, and other surrounding areas. These actions were not perceived by republican authorities to require immediate retaliation or preparation. However, the diligent nationalist force greatly outnumbered the army in Málaga. Franco’s regime consisted of his own Spanish supporters, approximately 10,000 Italian “Blackshirts," German supporters, and even troops from the cities of Ceuta, Melilla, the Canary Islands, and the Balearic Islands. Meanwhile, only 12,000 republican troops were prepared to defend Málaga with 8,000 guns.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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